I really enjoyed that article too and found a few more books that are along similar lines.

The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls by Emilie Autumn: This one is about two women who are living centuries apart but both of them are accused of madness. One girl, Emillie, is a young musician who overdoses on antipsychotics. This attempted suicide lands her in a maximum-security psych ward, but Emillie claims that she had valid reasons for what she did. When Emillie tries to document her experiences in a secret diary, she discovers a letter from a woman who is also imprisoned in an insane asylum, but in Victorian England. The cool thing about the book is you never know what is real and what is not.

Lunar Caustic by Malcolm Lowry: This one is about a piano player called Bill Plantagenet who loses his band (and his mind) drinking in New York. He commits himself to a Psychiatric hospital for recovery, which is where he writes madness and sanity. I believe that the author himself suffered with alcoholism, which affected his mental health.

The Electric Kool-Aid Test by Tom Wolfe - This one is a bit of a stretch, but I really enjoyed reading about the 60s and what really went down. What drew me to it is the fact that the main character is Ken Kelsey, who you will know as the author of One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. The writing style is a bit hard to read at times, but it's a fascinating book.

Shutter Island by Dennis Lehane: This one you could probably skip if you’ve already watched the movie starring Leonardo Di Caprio. It’s about a U.S Marshal sent to a Hospital for the Criminally Insane where he has to investigate something. Obviously, things turn out to be a little more complicated than that.
Hope my recommendations help!